Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women globally and is caused by persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a small DNA virus known to infect the skin, genital areas, and throat. Based on disease severity, HPV is categorized into low-risk and high-risk types. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV, particularly types 16 and 18, is responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases due to their potential to cause malignant tumors.

Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells that plays a crucial role in protein folding, stability, activity, and intercellular signaling.

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Eastern equine encephalitis virus

In molecular biology experiments, qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and Western blot (WB) are regarded as a complementary pair: qPCR detects transcriptional levels (mRNA), while WB validates protein expression. However, when results from these two methods contradict each other, researchers often encounter confusion—did the experiment fail, or is there an underlying biological phenomenon at play? Let us explore these mysteries with Dr. Connie.

Antibodies are powerful tools for protein and molecular detection and purification. While intact antibodies (typically IgG or IgM) are suitable for most immunoassay applications, certain procedures benefit from the use of antibody fragments such as Fab, scFv, and dAb.

Western blot (WB) is a routine yet powerful protein detection method used to study post-translational modifications, relative protein abundance, molecular weight, and protein-protein interactions. Since its inception, WB has provided valuable insights for academic research, diagnostics, and therapeutic testing. As shown in Figure 1, WB separates native or denatured proteins via gel electrophoresis, transfers them to a membrane while preserving peptide integrity and biological activity, and uses specific antibodies to identify and quantify target proteins within complex mixtures extracted from cells or tissues.

The generation of the VBASE2 database was previously described (Retter et al. 2005).

Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptide – two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule.

The Kabat numbering scheme is a widely adopted standard for numbering the residues in an antibody in a consistent manner. However the scheme has problems!

Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a severe mosquito-borne disease endemic to Asia. Current studies widely recognize pigs and birds as the primary "amplifying hosts" of JEV, where mosquitoes transmit the virus to humans after feeding on infected animals, perpetuating the natural transmission cycle. However, the role of other mammals, such as sheep, in JEV transmission has long been unclear. In recent years, suspected JEV infections with neurological symptoms have been sporadically reported in sheep flocks in China, but direct evidence was lacking.

Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most important arboviruses and is known to cause dengue infection, which is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti. According to WHO, DF is now a common disease in more than a 100 countries, including parts of Africa, the Western Pacific, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Eastern Mediterranean. The areas having the greatest influence include Southeast Asia, the Americas, and the Western Pacific, with Asia accounting for more than 70% of global disease.

AntibodySystem specializes in the research, development, and production of protein and antibody reagents for life science research, providing high-quality products to researchers worldwide. We are committed to advancing life sciences and empowering breakthroughs in scientific exploration through superior products.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing global public health challenges, with over 537 million adult patients worldwide—a threefold increase in the past two decades. Characterized by insulin resistance, current clinical interventions focus primarily on glycemic control, yet a lack of systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression has hindered the development of breakthrough therapies. Previous studies identified associations between N-acetyltransferases (murine NAT1 [mNAT1] and human NAT2 [hNAT2]) and insulin sensitivity, but their mechanistic roles remained unclear. NAT1 deficiency reduces intracellular spermidine levels. Spermidine, a natural polyamine linked to longevity and age-related disease prevention, has an undefined role in insulin resistance and diabetes progression.

AntibodySystem, committed to delivering high-quality proteins, antibodies, ELISA kits, and related research reagents to global fundamental life science researchers, will participate in the 2025 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago, Illinois, USA, from April 25 to 30, 2025 (local time).

Most cancer cells show increased chromosome missegregation, known as chromosomal instability (CIN), which promotes cancer progression and drug resistance. The underlying causes of CIN in cancer cells are not fully understood.